TL;DR
Four tools dominate TikTok Shop intelligence, but they solve different problems. Trenz is the only all-in-one platform that combines product discovery, AI content creation, and multi-platform publishing in a single workspace. Kalodata is a solid budget pick for product research and historical trend analysis. FastMoss is built for agencies that need massive creator databases and multi-market coverage. PiPiAds is a TikTok ad spy tool for dropshippers, though its billing practices and support have drawn serious complaints. Most sellers only need one of these. This guide breaks down exactly which one fits your situation.
If you only have 30 seconds:
– Choose Trenz if you want one platform for product research, AI content creation, publishing, and analytics.
– Choose Kalodata if your priority is affordable TikTok Shop product research and historical trends.
– Choose FastMoss if you manage creators, influencers, or multiple TikTok Shop markets.
– Choose PiPiAds if your only goal is finding winning TikTok ads and creative inspiration.
There is no universally “best” tool. The right platform depends on whether your bottleneck is product research, creator discovery, advertising intelligence, or content production.
Why This Comparison Matters Right Now
TikTok Shop crossed $64.3 billion in global GMV in 2025, and U.S. social commerce is projected to surpass $100 billion in 2026. The tools sellers use to find products, analyze creators, and produce content have become as important as the products themselves.
That is exactly why Trenz vs Kalodata vs FastMoss vs PiPiAds has become such a common search. Branded search volume tells the story: Kalodata pulls roughly 23K monthly U.S. searches, FastMoss around 17K. Sellers know these names. What they don’t know is which tool actually fits their workflow.
Here is the problem with most comparison content online: it only covers two or three of these tools at a time. No existing page puts all four side by side. This article fills that gap with honest assessments, real user feedback, and a clear decision framework.
Explore Trenz’s full platform to see how it compares firsthand.
At-a-Glance Comparison Table
Dimension | Trenz | Kalodata | FastMoss | PiPiAds |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary function | Full workflow: discover, create, publish, analyze | Product and creator analytics | Product, creator, and LIVE analytics | TikTok ad spy and creative intelligence |
Starting price | Free (50 credits, no card) | ~$38/mo (annual) | ~$47/mo | $49/mo |
Free trial | Free tier, no credit card | 7-day trial, no card | 7-day trial (auto-renews) | 500 free credits |
AI content creation | Yes (video, image, scripts) | No | Basic AI scripts only | No (AI tools are a separate add-on) |
Multi-platform publishing | Yes (TikTok, IG, YT, FB) | No | No | No |
Open API | Yes | Enterprise only | No | Enterprise only |
Best for | Solo sellers through agencies wanting one platform | Budget research and historical trends | Agencies and multi-market creator ops | Dropshippers and media buyers |
Key limitation | TikTok-first; credit budgeting learning curve | Analytics only; rising prices | Most expensive; overwhelming for beginners | Billing/support complaints; ad spy only |
Comparison Scorecard
Category | Trenz | Kalodata | FastMoss | PiPiAds |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Product Research | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆ | ⭐⭐☆☆☆ |
Creator Analytics | ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆ | ⭐⭐⭐☆ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐☆☆☆☆ |
AI Content Creation | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐☆☆☆☆ | ⭐⭐☆☆☆ | ⭐☆☆☆☆ |
Publishing Tools | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ☆☆☆☆☆ | ☆☆☆☆☆ | ☆☆☆☆☆ |
Ad Intelligence | ⭐⭐⭐☆ | ⭐⭐☆☆☆ | ⭐⭐⭐☆ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
Historical Data | ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆ | ⭐⭐⭐☆☆ |
API | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐☆☆ | ☆☆☆☆☆ | ⭐⭐⭐☆☆ |
Beginner Friendly | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆ | ⭐⭐☆☆☆ | ⭐⭐⭐☆☆ |
Agency Features | ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆ | ⭐⭐⭐☆☆ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐☆☆ |
Overall Value | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐☆ | ⭐⭐⭐☆☆ |
Quick Verdicts
Best all-in-one platform: Trenz
Best for budget product research: Kalodata
Best for agency-scale creator discovery: FastMoss
Best for TikTok ad creative intelligence: PiPiAds (with caveats)
1. Trenz
Best for: Sellers and agencies who want product discovery, AI content creation, and social publishing in one place.
Pricing
Free: 50 welcome credits, no credit card required
Growth: 250 credits/month
Pro: 650 credits/month
Scale: 1,800 credits/month with shared team pool ($19/seat/month)
API: Pay-as-you-go at $0.15/credit, Enterprise at $0.10/credit
Top-ups: $10 = 100 credits (purchased credits never expire)
Credit costs are transparent: a Quick Q&A costs 1 credit, an AI image costs 1, video generation runs about 12 credits, and a full market analysis costs 5.
Check out Trenz’s pricing plans for current credit allocations per tier.
Key Features
Three AI agents (Market Analyst, Creative Director, Social Manager) orchestrated by a team leader agent called Trenzer, reducing the learning curve by guiding users through tasks conversationally
Daily Radar delivers 5 fresh, data-backed product and market opportunities per day with GMV figures, growth rates, and creator-concentration analysis
Monthly TikTok Shop Rankings by category and region, with tracked GMV of approximately $408.7M
Product Discovery spanning TikTok Shop, Amazon, and DTC, including Blue Ocean scoring, Sales Spikes, and Seasonal Bestsellers
AI Video Generation via Seedance 2.0, Veo 3.1, and Wan 2.6 with an average generation time of roughly 60 seconds
Multi-platform publishing to TikTok, Instagram, YouTube, and Facebook from a single calendar with best-time-to-post insights
Open API indexing 50M+ TikTok products and 2M+ creators
iOS mobile app for on-the-go trend scanning and content creation
What Makes Trenz Different
The fundamental distinction in the Trenz vs Kalodata vs FastMoss vs PiPiAds comparison is scope. The other three tools are research and intelligence platforms. They tell you what’s selling or what ads are running. Trenz adds the execution layer.
A persistent theme in seller communities captures this well: practitioners on forums note that “every tool answers one question: what is selling on TikTok right now? It does not tell you whether the category is growing or contracting. It does not tell you whether three shops control 80% of the revenue.” Trenz’s Daily Radar and Blue Ocean scoring attempt to answer exactly those deeper questions, while also providing the content creation and scheduling tools to act on the insights immediately.
This is what sellers call the “tool stack problem.” Without Trenz, a typical workflow requires a research tool (Kalodata or FastMoss) plus a video editor plus a scheduling tool plus a profit tracker. That is four subscriptions and four logins. Trenz collapses the stack.
Limitations
TikTok-first: Other platforms get publishing and analytics but not full commerce data depth
Credit budgeting: Teams need to learn how credits translate to their specific usage patterns (video seconds cost 3 credits each, which adds up for longer content)
AI video quality depends partly on third-party model availability, which can vary by region
Base plan prices for Growth, Pro, and Scale are not publicly displayed on the site; only credits, features, and seat pricing are listed clearly
Who Should Pick Trenz
Solo sellers who want to stop juggling multiple tools. Agencies that need a unified platform for client work. Creators who want to go from product idea to published TikTok video in minutes, not days.
2. Kalodata
Best for: Budget-conscious sellers focused on product research and historical trend analysis.
Pricing
Starter: $45.90/month, or approximately $38.30/month on annual billing
Professional: $99.90/month, or about $83.20/month annually (some sources report a recent increase to $109.99/month)
Enterprise: Custom pricing with API access and full data
Free trial: 7 days, no credit card required
Note: Kalodata’s pricing has shifted multiple times. Always verify on their current pricing page.
Key Features
Starter plan includes 50 searches/day, 100 detail page views/day, and a 90-day data viewing range
Professional expands to 250 searches/day, 500 detail views/day, and 180 days of data
Up to 500 days of historical data with transparent methodology
Blue-ocean product scoring that surfaces high-demand, low-competition items before they hit saturation
Built by a team of former TikTok global e-commerce division members
Strengths
Kalodata earns its spot through depth of historical data and a clean, approachable interface. For sellers who simply need to answer “what should I sell next?”, it is a strong starting point at a reasonable price.
The product research workflows are covered in more detail in our guide to TikTok Shop product research tools.
One Capterra reviewer described the tool as having “a UI that’s kind of bland compared to competitors” while noting it “keeps a lot behind the paywall for free trial unlike competitors.” This matches a broader pattern: Kalodata’s free trial is functional but restrictive enough that real evaluation requires the paid tier.
Limitations
Analytics only. No content creation, no publishing, no scheduling, no real-time shop financial data.
Rising prices. The Professional plan has crept toward $110/month, which narrows the price gap with more feature-rich alternatives.
Data accuracy questions. Community members on Reddit have flagged occasional discrepancies between Kalodata numbers and actual TikTok performance.
No multi-platform coverage. TikTok Shop only. Sellers working across Amazon, DTC, or other social channels need additional tools.
Early-stage users often question whether the Professional tier justifies its monthly cost when you still need separate tools for content and publishing. For a deeper look at this trade-off, see our Kalodata alternative analysis.
Who Should Pick Kalodata
Sellers on a tight budget who need a focused product research tool. Teams doing seasonal planning that benefit from 500 days of historical trend data. Anyone who already has a content creation and publishing workflow and just needs the research piece.
3. FastMoss
Best for: Agencies and multi-market operations needing large-scale creator discovery and LIVE shopping analytics.
Pricing
Basic: $47.16/month
Pro: $125.25/month
Ultimate: $209.25/month
Discounts available for biannual and annual billing
Free trial: 7 days, but it is linked to an auto-renewing subscription (cancel before it ends or you will be charged)
Key Features
Database of 220 million TikTok content creators across 15+ countries and 120 million products/shops
Creator Discovery Engine that exports up to 6,000 influencer contacts daily, filtered by region and engagement
Tracks individual creators’ product-level performance, showing how many units a specific creator actually sold
LIVE shopping performance analytics
Covers TikTok Shop markets including the US, UK, Germany, France, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines
Video analytics, a video downloader, and a basic AI script generator
FastMoss holds a 100% trust score on both APIVoid and ScamAdviser and has earned SourceForge Top Performer recognition. The platform is trusted by over 3.2 million users worldwide, which is a significant adoption figure.
Strengths
FastMoss justifies its higher price through creator-level granularity that the other tools in this comparison simply do not match. If your business model depends on identifying which creators actually drive sales (not just views), FastMoss is built for that use case. The ability to export thousands of creator contacts daily makes it a natural fit for agencies running recruitment campaigns at scale.
One SourceForge reviewer captured the typical experience: “Lots of data, creators’ emails and contact info, great graphs. It’s a little pricey but I guess it’s worth it.”
For context on how FastMoss compares specifically to Trenz for agency workflows, see our FastMoss alternative breakdown.
Limitations
Most expensive option in this comparison, with the Ultimate tier running over $200/month
Overwhelming for beginners. Multiple reviewers note that much of the data is overkill if you are a solo creator doing product research rather than managing large creator networks.
No mobile app. Desktop only.
No public API. Agencies building custom integrations are out of luck.
TikTok only. No cross-channel data for sellers operating on Amazon, Instagram, or DTC simultaneously.
Customer service issues. A G2 reviewer wrote: “FastMoss has yet to solve anything for me. I paid for a subscription that does not want to work. And no one in customer service, including phone numbers and emails, are responding back.”
Occasional data discrepancies. On a few occasions, users noticed metrics that did not match actual social media profiles.
Who Should Pick FastMoss
Agencies and MCNs managing multi-market TikTok creator campaigns. Enterprise brands with dedicated social commerce teams who need creator-level sales attribution. Anyone whose primary bottleneck is finding and recruiting the right creators at scale.
4. PiPiAds
Best for: Dropshippers and media buyers who need TikTok ad creative intelligence.
Pricing
Basic: $49/month
Advanced: $99/month
Enterprise: $900/month
Flexible: Starting at $180/month (credit-based)
Annual billing saves about 30%
AI Tools suite is a separate add-on starting at $11.99/month (not bundled)
Free trial: 500 credits to test the platform
Important: PiPiAds moved to a credit-based system (version 2.0). Viewing basic data costs 1 credit. Viewing detailed ad information costs 20 credits. On the Basic plan, 10,000 credits means only about 500 detailed ad views per month.
Key Features
Database of 50+ million TikTok advertisements, claimed to be the largest TikTok ad database available
Recently expanded to include Facebook ad data alongside TikTok in a unified search
Specialized filters for TikTok-specific metrics like sound usage, video length, and hashtag performance
Competitor ad tracking and creative trend analysis
A G2 reviewer praised the core function: “Pipiads saves me so much time when doing ad research. I can quickly find trending TikTok ads, see what competitors are running, and get ideas for creatives.”
The Trust Problem
This is where the Trenz vs Kalodata vs FastMoss vs PiPiAds comparison gets uncomfortable. PiPiAds has a 2.1-star rating on Trustpilot with persistent complaints about billing practices.
One Trustpilot reviewer wrote: “These people will try sooo hard to keep your money if you get charged by accidentally leaving your trial on. This is not worth it, they are borderline fraudulent.” Multiple reviews describe 4 to 5 day email response times, difficulty getting refunds, and being offered upsells instead of solutions.
PiPiAds operates a no-refund policy on plans and credits, and user complaints about post-trial charges are common.
It is worth noting that most positive PiPiAds content online comes from affiliates earning 20% recurring commissions. The gap between affiliate reviews and Trustpilot feedback is stark enough that it deserves mention. This is not to say the tool lacks value for ad research. It does what it does well. But the billing and support experience is a real risk factor.
Their Facebook ad data is widely described by users as “outdated and unreliable,” so treat the multi-platform claim with caution.
For a more detailed comparison, see our PiPiAds alternative analysis.
Limitations
Ad spy only. PiPiAds is not a shop analytics tool. No product discovery, no creator analytics, no shop-level data.
No content creation or publishing. You find ad inspiration but still need separate tools to produce and distribute content.
Credit consumption is aggressive. 20 credits per detailed view eats through the Basic plan’s allocation fast.
Support and billing risks. Trustpilot rating of 2.1/5 with consistent complaint patterns.
Facebook data quality is questionable. Users on forums report the Facebook side of the platform is not reliable.
Who Should Pick PiPiAds
Dropshippers running paid TikTok ad campaigns who need creative inspiration and competitor ad intelligence. Media buyers focused specifically on TikTok ad formats and trends. Anyone whose primary question is “what ads are working right now?” and who has a separate workflow for everything else.
Which Tool Wins in Each Category?
If you want… | Best Tool |
|---|---|
Product research | Kalodata |
Complete workflow | Trenz |
AI video creation | Trenz |
Creator database | FastMoss |
LIVE analytics | FastMoss |
TikTok ad spying | PiPiAds |
Lowest learning curve | Trenz |
Budget research | Kalodata |
Enterprise creator outreach | FastMoss |
Multi-platform publishing | Trenz |
API access | Trenz |
Head-to-Head: Key Decision Dimensions
Product Research and Discovery
Kalodata and Trenz are the strongest here. Kalodata offers up to 500 days of historical data with transparent methodology and solid blue-ocean scoring. Trenz covers TikTok Shop, Amazon, and DTC through its Market Analyst agent, with Blue Ocean, Sales Spikes, and Seasonal Bestsellers filters. FastMoss includes product discovery but leans harder on creator analytics. PiPiAds is not a product research tool at all.
The difference: Kalodata shows you data. Trenz shows you data and then generates the video, script, and publishing calendar to act on it. For a deeper dive into product validation workflows, see our guide on how to validate a TikTok Shop product.
Creator Analytics
FastMoss wins on raw scale with 220 million creators indexed and up to 6,000 exportable contacts per day. Trenz indexes 2M+ creators with its Open API and includes creator analytics tied to GMV impact. Kalodata covers creator data but with lower limits per search on the Starter plan. PiPiAds does not offer creator analytics.
If your business depends on recruiting dozens of creators weekly across multiple countries, FastMoss is purpose-built for that. If you need creator insights as part of a broader workflow, Trenz’s creator analytics integrate directly into the content creation and publishing pipeline.
Ad Intelligence
PiPiAds is the clear specialist with 50M+ ads in its database and TikTok-specific filters for sound, length, and hashtags. No other tool in this comparison matches that depth for ad creative research. Trenz and FastMoss offer video analytics features but are not dedicated ad spy platforms.
Content Creation and Publishing
This is where the Trenz vs Kalodata vs FastMoss vs PiPiAds comparison is most lopsided. Trenz is the only tool with built-in AI video generation (Seedance 2.0, Veo 3.1, Wan 2.6), image creation, script generation, and multi-platform publishing to TikTok, Instagram, YouTube, and Facebook. FastMoss has a basic AI script generator. PiPiAds offers an AI tools add-on at extra cost. Kalodata has nothing on the content side.
For sellers who spend hours or hundreds of dollars per video, this collapses the biggest time and cost bottleneck in the TikTok Shop workflow.
Pricing and Value
Trenz offers the only truly free tier (50 credits, no card required). Kalodata’s Starter at ~$38/month annual is the cheapest paid plan. FastMoss starts at $47/month but scales to $209/month at the top tier. PiPiAds starts at $49/month but the credit consumption model means real costs can climb quickly.
The value calculation depends on how many separate tools each platform replaces. If Trenz eliminates the need for a research tool ($40-100/month), a video editor ($20-50/month), and a scheduling tool ($15-30/month), the credit-based model can represent significant savings even at higher tiers.
Total Monthly Cost of Your Tool Stack
One reason sellers compare these platforms is that software costs add up quickly.
Tool Needed | Typical Monthly Cost |
|---|---|
Product research | $40–100 |
Video editor | $20–60 |
Social scheduler | $15–40 |
Analytics dashboard | $20–60 |
Total | $95–260/month |
Platforms that combine multiple functions may reduce the number of subscriptions needed, although the savings depend on your workflow.
API and Developer Access
Trenz has an Open API with pay-as-you-go pricing ($0.15/credit) and Enterprise rates ($0.10/credit), covering TikTok products, shops, creators, videos, ads, lives data, AI content generation, and social publishing. Kalodata offers API access only at the Enterprise tier. FastMoss has no public API. PiPiAds restricts API to Enterprise.
For agencies and developers building custom dashboards or automated workflows, Trenz is the only option that does not require an enterprise contract.
Support and Trust Signals
FastMoss holds strong third-party trust scores (100% on APIVoid and ScamAdviser). Kalodata has mixed Capterra reviews but no alarming patterns. Trenz claims Official TikTok Shop Partner status with real-time shop data integration. PiPiAds has the most concerning trust signals, with a 2.1-star Trustpilot rating and consistent billing complaints.
How to Choose: Decision Framework
Instead of recommending you stack three or four research tools (diminishing returns are real), match your primary bottleneck to the right single platform.
“I don’t know what to sell.”
Start with Kalodata if budget is tight and you only need data. Choose Trenz if you want product discovery that flows directly into content creation and publishing.
“I know what to sell but need creators.”
FastMoss is built for this, especially at scale across multiple markets.
“I need to spy on competitor ads.”
PiPiAds is the specialist, but watch the credit consumption and read the Trustpilot reviews before committing.
“I need to go from idea to published TikTok content fast.”
Trenz. Nothing else in this comparison covers the full workflow from product discovery through video generation to scheduled publishing.
“I need one platform to do it all.”
Trenz is the only tool in this Trenz vs Kalodata vs FastMoss vs PiPiAds comparison that spans discovery, creation, publishing, and analytics in a single workspace.
“I run an agency managing multiple clients.”
FastMoss for creator recruitment at scale. Trenz for end-to-end client workflow management with its Scale plan (team workspace, shared credit pool, 50 social accounts).
You probably only need one tool. Pick the one that solves your most expensive bottleneck, not the one with the longest feature list.
Start with Trenz’s free plan to test the full workflow with 50 credits, no credit card required.
Which Tool Is Best for Different Types of Sellers?
Seller Type | Recommended Tool |
|---|---|
Beginner | Trenz |
Solo Seller | Trenz |
Amazon Seller entering TikTok | Trenz |
Dropshipper | PiPiAds |
Agency | FastMoss |
Influencer Agency | FastMoss |
TikTok Shop Beginner | Kalodata |
Enterprise Brand | FastMoss |
Content Creator | Trenz |
Pros and Cons Summary
Trenz
Pros
Complete workflow
AI video generation
Publishing tools
API
Free tier
Cons
Credit system
TikTok-first
Kalodata
Pros
Affordable
Historical data
Excellent product discovery
Cons
No publishing
No AI creation
Limited workflow
FastMoss
Pros
Huge creator database
LIVE analytics
Multi-country coverage
Cons
Expensive
Complex interface
No API
PiPiAds
Pros
Largest TikTok ad database
Great creative inspiration
Cons
Billing complaints
Credit-heavy
Limited beyond ads
Frequently Asked Questions
Is there a free TikTok Shop analytics tool that covers all four of these use cases?
No single free tool covers product research, creator analytics, ad intelligence, and content creation. Trenz offers a free tier with 50 credits that includes access to all its features (discovery, AI content, publishing, analytics). Kalodata and FastMoss each offer 7-day free trials. PiPiAds gives 500 free credits. None of the free options from Kalodata, FastMoss, or PiPiAds include content creation or publishing.
Can I use Kalodata and FastMoss together?
You can, but the overlap in product research features means you are paying twice for similar data. The common combination practitioners use is one research tool (Kalodata or FastMoss) plus a separate content and scheduling stack. Trenz eliminates this stacking by combining research with creation and publishing. For a deeper comparison of just those two research tools, see our Kalodata vs FastMoss guide.
Is PiPiAds safe to use? What about the billing complaints?
PiPiAds is a legitimate tool with a large ad database, but its Trustpilot rating of 2.1 out of 5 reflects real frustrations. Complaints center on post-trial auto-charges, a strict no-refund policy, and slow customer support (4 to 5 day email response times). If you try PiPiAds, set a calendar reminder before the trial ends and use a virtual card if possible. The tool itself works well for ad research; the business practices are what draw criticism.
Does Trenz work for platforms beyond TikTok?
Trenz is TikTok-first for commerce data (product discovery, rankings, creator analytics, GMV tracking). However, it supports publishing and engagement analytics across TikTok, Instagram, YouTube, and Facebook. Product intelligence also covers Amazon and DTC sources. The deepest value is in TikTok Shop workflows, while other platforms receive publishing and scheduling support rather than full commerce data.
Which tool is best for finding trending products on TikTok Shop?
For pure trending product data on a budget, Kalodata’s blue-ocean scoring is effective. For trending products with actionable next steps (content creation, competitive analysis, publishing), Trenz’s Daily Radar surfaces 5 data-backed opportunities per day with GMV, growth trajectory, and creator concentration analysis. FastMoss tracks products but emphasizes the creator side. PiPiAds shows you which products are being advertised, not which are actually selling.
How accurate is the data across these tools?
All four tools rely on some combination of public data scraping and proprietary methods. Users on Reddit and review sites have occasionally flagged discrepancies across all platforms. Kalodata publishes its methodology transparently, which helps set expectations. FastMoss users have noted rare metric inconsistencies versus actual profiles. The safest approach is to cross-reference any single tool’s data against your own shop performance and treat third-party numbers as directional rather than absolute.
Do any of these tools offer an API for custom integrations?
Trenz offers an Open API with pay-as-you-go pricing ($0.15/credit standard, $0.10/credit enterprise) covering TikTok data, AI content generation, and social publishing. Kalodata provides API access only at the Enterprise tier with custom pricing. FastMoss has no public API. PiPiAds restricts API access to Enterprise plans. For developers and agencies building automated workflows, Trenz is the most accessible option.
What is the “tool stack problem” and why does it matter?
Most TikTok Shop sellers end up paying for 3 to 4 separate subscriptions: a research tool ($40 to $100/month), a video editor ($20 to $50/month), a scheduling tool ($15 to $30/month), and sometimes a separate analytics dashboard. That is $75 to $210/month before you have even sold anything. Trenz is the only platform in this comparison designed to replace that entire stack with a single credit-based workspace. Whether it actually replaces every tool depends on your specific needs, but the consolidation potential is the core pitch.




